一、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
1.宾语从句的特点:
(1)宾语从句有自己的连接词
(2)宾语从句用陈述语序
(3)宾语从句的时态
2.宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
3.宾语从句的语序:
(1)宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow
(2)当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.
4.宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
(1)主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)
(2)主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)
(3) 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.
二、状语从句
1.时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例:when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
2.原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。
连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。
举例:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
3.条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)
举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
4.目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
举例:so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
5.让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词: though, although.,whether…or not
举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
三、no matter从句
结构:"no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
四、 定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。
如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后
如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词:
连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that
连接副词:when、where、why