助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do,have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may,might; can,could; will,would;shall,should; must,need,dare,used to,ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:
1.构成否定式
如:The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.会议可能直到五点才开始。
2.构成疑问式或附加疑问式
如:You have been learning French for 5 years,haven't you?你已经学了五年法语,不是吗?
3.构成修辞倒装
如:Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.他无处得到他姐姐的任何消息。
4.代替限定动词词组
如:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.