have作助动词主要变化形式:have,has,had,动名词/现在分词:having。助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或者语态,也可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词not连用。
1.have +过去分词,构成完成时态
例:By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2.have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时(现在完成时)
例:I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
3.have+been +过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态
例:English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。